Long before designer labels and polarized lenses became the norm, sunglasses in the 19th century were both functional devices and fashion statements with distinctive characteristics. These early eye protectors reveal much about the technological capabilities, aesthetic preferences, and social customs of the Victorian era.
The 19th century saw sunglasses transition from purely medical devices to fashionable accessories. Early designs typically featured round or oval-shaped frames crafted from materials like tortoiseshell, horn, or metal. These frames were often handmade by skilled craftsmen, showcasing delicate wirework and intricate details that reflected the craftsmanship of the era.
Tinted glass was the primary material for lenses, with colors ranging from pale yellow and amber to green and blue. Physicians of the time prescribed these colored lenses believing they could treat various vision problems and eye conditions, while also providing protection from “noxious rays” of sunlight.
As railway travel became more common and exploration of bright, snowy regions increased, specialized eyewear emerged. Explorers and mountaineers adopted goggles with dark lenses and leather side shields to protect against snow blindness. These utilitarian designs prioritized function over fashion but represented important advancements in protective eyewear.
Early arctic explorers and alpinists reported on the effectiveness of these protective glasses, helping to popularize sunglasses among adventurous Victorian travelers who wished to emulate these feats of exploration.
By the late 19th century, sunglasses began their transformation into fashion items. The wealthy could afford custom-made frames adorned with mother-of-pearl inlays, engraved metal, or even precious gems. These luxury items signaled both affluence and an awareness of the latest health recommendations.
While these early sunglasses may appear antiquated by today’s standards, they laid the foundation for the billion-dollar eyewear industry we know today. The evolution of these frames reflects not just changing fashions, but humanity’s ongoing quest to combine protection, comfort, and style in our quest to shield our eyes from the sun’s glare.
